PhyloTree.org | tree

PhyloTree.org - mtDNA tree Build 17 (18 Feb 2016): subtree M9

Citation: van Oven M, Kayser M. 2009. Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Hum Mutat 30(2):E386-E394.

Nucleotide position numbers are consistent with both the rCRS and the RSRS reference sequences.

Mutations are given in forward evolutionary time direction in the format [ancestral base][position number][derived base], e.g. "G15043A".

In case of a transversion, the derived allele is shown in lowercase instead of uppercase, e.g. "C5178a".

Insertions are indicated by the position number preceding the insertion followed by a dot (.), the relative insert position, and the inserted base(s), e.g. "2156.1A".

Deletions are indicated by the letter "d" following the (range of) position number(s) involved, e.g. "A249d" or "8281-8289d".

Mutations that are reversions to an ancestral state (back mutations) are indicated with an exclamation mark (!), two exclamation marks for a double back mutation (!!), etc., e.g. "A15301G!".

Coding-region mutations (np 577-16023) are shown in black; control-region mutations (np 16024-576) in blue.

Mutations between brackets () are recurrent/unstable within the respective clade, or are yet uncertain based on current data.

Mutation motifs in italic are preliminary and are likely to be further refined as additional sequences become available.

The mutations 309.1C(C), 315.1C, AC indels at 515-522, A16182c, A16183c, 16193.1C(C) and C16519T/T16519C were not considered for phylogenetic reconstruction and are therefore excluded from the tree.

Accession numbers provided at the tips of branches are representative examples of mtDNA sequences available at GenBank or from individuals included in HapMap/1000Genomes.

It may be convenient to use the Find function (Ctrl+F) of your browser to search for a particular mutation or haplogroup.